![]() ![]() In particular, the function, expression, and meaning of different emotions are hypothesized to be biologically distinct from one another. On "basic emotion" accounts, activation of an emotion, such as anger, sadness, or fear, is "triggered" by the brain's appraisal of a stimulus or event with respect to the perceiver's goals or survival. There has been recent discussion of the progression on the different views of emotion over the years. However, a debate among experts has questioned this understanding of what emotions are. ![]() This apparent ease of recognition has led to the identification of a number of emotions that are said to be basic, and universal among all people. Humans' subjective experience is that emotions are clearly recognizable in ourselves and others. Each emotion acts as a discrete category rather than an individual emotional state. Ekman explains that there are particular characteristics attached to each of these emotions, allowing them to be expressed in varying degrees in a non-verbal manner. A popular example is Paul Ekman and his colleagues' cross-cultural study of 1992, in which they concluded that the six basic emotions are anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. Theorists have conducted studies to determine which emotions are basic. These basic emotions are described as "discrete" because they are believed to be distinguishable by an individual's facial expression and biological processes. In discrete emotion theory, all humans are thought to have an innate set of basic emotions that are cross-culturally recognizable. that emotions can be characterized on a dimensional basis in groupings.that emotions are discrete and fundamentally different constructs.Researchers have approached the classification of emotions from one of two fundamental viewpoints: Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).Emotion classification, the means by which one may distinguish or contrast one emotion from another, is a contested issue in emotion research and in affective science.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Īuthors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Keywords: Product design, drawing, emotions, forms. This paper can contribute to teaching product design targeting emotional products, and offers guidance on how to evoke positive emotions through products. The findings suggest that the Emotion Wheel is useful to reflect and manipulate forms to convey meaning, helping designers understand how to use emotive shapes for idea development and decision-making in the design process. In a visual thinking exercise, first-year students chose eight basic emotions to develop the forms of an ‘emotional chair’, drawing with pencil and paper to allow visual thinking and interpretation. The purpose is to improve and develop future designers’ awareness of the emotive character of forms. This academic project promoted the pedagogical encounter between emotions/dyads and the morphology/shape of products, based on the Plutchik’s Emotion Wheel. However, studies on the practical use of emotions in product design remain limited. Emotions are recognised as vital for human wellbeing and happiness, so are objects. ![]()
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